r/history 21d ago

Why was France granted an equal status among WWII victors? Discussion/Question

How is it that France emerged from World War II with a similar status as the U.S.A., Britain, the Soviet Union, and China in terms of possession of a permanent seat on the U.N. Security Council, uncontested possession of nuclear weapons, etc?

I understand that Charles de Gaulle "somehow" managed to downplay his beloved home country's status as an early victim to German aggression in World War II and line it up among the victors instead. Is this the case and if so how (e.g. at what conferences) did he pull it off?

This is not to diminish the role of the French resistance (and de Gaulle's own contribution in that regard), but its role in defeating Germany seems hardly at the same level as those from the other allies overall (perhaps excluding China).

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u/joeri1505 21d ago

One big factor in that is the fact that France was a traditional superpower.

France had been one of the most powerful countries in the world for litteral ages.

Basically all the people at the negotiations litteraly grew up with the concept of France being a superpower cemented in their minds.

Also, dont forget that the invasion of France wasn't just a French defeat.

The British army was in France too and they only managed to escape at Dunkirk, thanks to the rearguard of the French.

And then there was that small incident where the Brits sank a large part of the French fleet at Mers-el-Kébir.

If diplomatic relations were to be normalised, it would be crucial to treat France according to its own perceived status.

Besides Europe itsself, the French colonial empire was also rather large.

Returning all these teritories to French rule would almost automatically return France to a position of authority.

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u/MaterialCarrot 21d ago

They also had a post war role to play as Germany's Western neighbor and a part of the Western alliance against the USSR that became NATO (for a while).

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u/UCDent 21d ago

France was expected to be the European continental stalwart against a Soviet move against the west after WW2 taking pressure off of Britain before Germany and Italy could be reformed, rebuilt, and included.

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u/Ion_bound 21d ago

And of course, de Gaulle used this expectation to strong-arm the Americans around, especially regarding the Indochina War which would later become the Vietnam War.

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u/Grateful_Cat_Monk 21d ago edited 21d ago

Idk about that but here's an excerpt from a book.

"The French President(de Gaulle) encouraged the United States to withdraw the few hundred advidors that were in South Vietnam at the time: 'You shall find yourself in a spiraling process that that you will not be able to get out of otherwise.' But Ike didn't take the advice and de Gaulle deplored American involvement in what he predicted would become a quagmire, similar to the one France had experienced in Indochina." Spoken in Paris in September 1959

Book is "Indochina and Vietnam: The Thirty-Five-Year War • 1940-1975" by Robert L. Miller and Dennis Wainstock

The passage I'm talking of is on page 142 and is talking about Eisenhower's approach to Vietnam.

Now if de Gaulle said anything earlier maybe, this was just something I found when I skimmed through cause I knew there was a conversation that de Gaulle basically said "DONT FUCKING DO IT" and we didn't listen.

You might be thinking of General de Lattre who in 1951 met with President Truman and others to try and get the Americans to help France, but didn't really do much besides sort of push American views from a colonial war to the fighting communism war, but that perception in the American public would linger until 1955 at least.

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u/TheGunshipLollipop 21d ago

Book is "Indochina and Vietnam: The Thirty-Five-Year War • 1940-1975" by Robert L. Miller and Dennis Wainstock

Added to my wishlist. It was always my understanding that France dragged us in to that war, so clearly I need more information.

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u/thomasstearns42 21d ago

You should watch the Ken Burns documentary about the Vietnam war. It's fantastic.

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u/Tek0verl0rd 21d ago

I think it takes a decent donation to watch it now.

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u/Revolutionary-Pea576 21d ago

Eh, it was ok. It should have been called The Vietnam War in America because it focuses more on the home front than it did on the actual conflict for a lot of its running time. Which is fine, if it had been promoted that way. Large parts were just ignored, like the air war.

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u/Grateful_Cat_Monk 21d ago

It's a really good book and goes a lot farther back really with how France came to colonize it some.

Another good book is "Truman, MacArthur, and the Korean War" by Dennis Wainstock as well. Great books to read about those two wars.

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u/Viker2000 21d ago

Yes. De Gaulle repeatedly tried to warn America about getting involved in Indochina. I've read about the warnings in at least two biographies of De Gaulle. Part of the problem too was Eisenhower's own animosity toward De Gaulle from dealing with him during World War II. The thought many American advisors had was that the French handled the situation wrong and that America could do a better job.

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u/JRMichigan 15d ago

Yeah, France had basically zero credibility with the US after WWI and WWII. Also after stepping out of NATO, militarily. Prob the last thing anyone in the US government wanted to do was listen to what the French had to say.

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u/orlandofredhart 21d ago edited 21d ago

Just adding some emphasis to this....

The French colonial empire was also rather large.

Second largest in the world

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u/LoganGyre 21d ago

I would also add that they were also very much supporting other countries with supplies and intel to help slow the Germans advance. I definitely agree that the sinking of the french Navy was a major political issue they were trying to resolve but I feel like the US put a ton of push into propping up france to prevent Russia from consuming all of europe after the war as well.

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u/elcabeza79 21d ago

I definitely agree that the sinking of the french Navy was a major political issue they were trying to resolve

Really? They collaborated with the fascist enemy, but were still offered the chance to turn over the ships peacefully with the promise they wouldn't be used against them, and they still chose chose to engage the British in battle instead.

This is an issue the French needed resolved after the Allies liberated them from the fascists? Really?

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u/LoganGyre 21d ago

So the way it was Explained in my class was that the french gov had officially surrendered and part of the agreement was to not hand over the ships to the allies. So knowing he couldn't legally attack the Brits, but not wanting to violate the orders, the commander chose to allow for the ships to be destroyed on purpose.

As far as to why this upsets the french? They bore the brunt of the the physical damage for much of the war and were bitter about having more losses lumped on them by their allies. Adding insult to injury the allies managed to insult the french multiple times by accident. Its been awhile since Ive read about it so im leaving out some details for sure.

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u/quijote3000 21d ago

They didn't "chose to engage the british". The british attacked.

And the promise was made before the british attack that their ships wouldn't be taken by the germans. When the Germans finally decided to get all the french ships that were left, the french navy actually sank them before giving them to the germans

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u/berru2001 21d ago edited 15d ago

When the Germans finally decided to get all the french ships that were left, the french navy actually sank them before giving them to the germans

An I'll add as a french that some in France see that as a bad move, that instead the ship should have fled to help the allies, but Mers el Kebir. That was quite a wrong move.

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u/elcabeza79 21d ago

They were given an ultimatum with the choice of peacefully surrender or engagement. They did not surrender, therefore they chose to engage.

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u/quijote3000 21d ago

That... Doesn't make any sense. Are you saying in history there has never been an agression if there was an ultimatum first?

Are you saying it was the fault French admiral he didn't just surrender all his ships peacefully?

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u/more_beans_mrtaggart 21d ago

Well that account goes against everything I’ve read.

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u/IGAldaris 21d ago

Seen this video a couple of days ago, which describes the whole thing in detail:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1aoi33VAAO4

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u/markarlage 21d ago

What I read was the British wanted to keep their naval superiority so they sank the French fleet to keep the Germans from conscripting it against them. Sounds a barbaric thing to do your ally but it turned out to be a good decision. Germanys navy was weak with the exception of its U Boat fleet, and the addition of the French battleships and cruisers would have increased its ability to challenge the British fleet.

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u/LightningDustt 21d ago

Not to mention the French efforts to aid the allied cause didn't stop with the capitulation of mainland France. The Free French and the French resistance were a thorn in Hitler's side all the way through the war

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u/capt_blackadder11 21d ago

The French army was better equipped , had superior aircraft and was actually more mechanized than the Wehrmacht.

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u/Whitetiger2819 21d ago

As much as I like to fight the common misconception about the ‘inferior french army’, it needs to be said that the french Air Force was absolutely ill prepared to fight the wermarcht. As Antoine Saint-Exupéry wrote, the pilots were ready to fight, but the supplies, planes and orders did nothing to help them do their jobs. That and the Luftwaffe outnumbered the french and British artifice in terms of modern aircraft by a comfortable margin. So much that by the fall of France, the pilots were scapegoated for having left the brave infantry to fend of the Germans alone...

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u/frenchchevalierblanc 21d ago edited 21d ago

The French army was on the verge to be better equipped than the germans. Germans managed to have a very modern spearhead army, small but heavy mechanised (the rest of the army dragging behind). French army was on the defensive on a long front.

The germans attacked just before the french army was modernised. A bulk of new tanks, planes, rifles were arriving and were planned for Summer 1940.

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u/Kunu2 21d ago

When you have a spy in their capital and invade 3 turns ahead.

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u/Sholoto 21d ago

Better Tanks has well

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u/AndrewTyeFighter 21d ago

One on one a French tank might be better, but the vast majority lacked radios and couldn't communicate or coordinate like their German counterparts.

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u/flapjack3285 21d ago

They also had smaller crews so they were overworked, especially the tank commanders. The Char B1 which was a beast was also slow. It doesn't matter how thick your armor is or how power your gun is if you can't catch the enemy or you can't refuel because they were able to run roughshod behind your lines and captured all your fuel.

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u/tomdidiot 21d ago

The Char B1 is a great example of a tank that looks good on paper on the metrics people like to use (good armour, good gun, slower, but vaguely acceptable speed), but struggle because of soft, much less sexy factors (crew ergonomics, high fuel consumption and its resulting low operational range, cost)

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u/Jerithil 21d ago edited 21d ago

Crew efficiency, ergonomics and vision are something so many people ignore about tanks. The one man turret in many french tanks made them very inefficient which was greatly magnified during confusing situations. Sure the odd Char B1 in a good position with a good crew was devastating and in a couple cases stopped entire German panzer companies alone but if they could have coordinated better they could have stopped whole battalions.

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u/bluntpencil2001 20d ago

They'd have also been better if they weren't scattered around in small pockets, but instead used concentration of armour.

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u/southerner_too 21d ago

Quite right, the French fought their tanks in penny packets, no match for the massed German tank formations, their blazing hulks littered the battlefield. It's true that the large French tanks caused real trouble for the Germans, but they were dealt with when the Germans brought up the new 88 anti aircraft guns and were fired at the tanks.

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u/fd1Jeff 21d ago

The French had a lot of tanks. They actually had enough tanks to have armored formations and also have tanks disbursed into the infantry, the so-called penny packets. The penny packet idea is the British dumping on the French.

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u/nuttyjawa 21d ago

I think you're referring to Arras and an attack by British Matilda tanks leading to the use of 88mm guns as Anti Tank platforms

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u/flapjack3285 21d ago

The Germans were using the 88 as anti-tank guns in the Spanish Civil War in the late 30s.

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u/nuttyjawa 21d ago

I did wonder how much of an myth it is that it was Rommel and he was ordering them to fire out of desperation at Arras, I'd be keen to learn more

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u/nemo69_1999 21d ago

The Germans used it for everything.

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u/WhyBuyMe 21d ago

You've never tenderized schnitzel until you have done it with an 88.

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u/informativebitching 21d ago

“The first with the most” was a vital strategy in 1863 (Bedford Forest), 1939 (blitzkrieg)and 1991 (Iraq) and remains a core component of US battle plans. France was still pastured for brute strength trench warfare.

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u/SigerMakkerMeget 21d ago

And they were spread along the entire frontline, relegated to work as support for regular units. Unlike the German tanks that were concentrated into armored spearheads.

France was fighting like it was still The Great War.

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u/atreides78723 21d ago

The history of warfare is (mostly) one side fighting the last war losing to another side fighting the next war.

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u/Irichcrusader 21d ago

Damm! That's a quote that's worth writing down

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u/Mayor__Defacto 21d ago

The german tanks were only any good because they stole the Czech designs. The pre-czech designs were horrible. So horrible in fact that when Hitler sent tanks to Franco, he had the turrets torn out and replaced with Italian ones.

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u/BikerMick62uk 20d ago

What utter rubbish. The Panzer 1 maybe but that was meant to be a training vehicle only that was forced into combat. The panzer 2 (& its developments) were recon vehicles. The panzer 3 was a highly effective design that primarily suffered from being undergunned to begin with but was recognised as a good tank. The panzer 4 design was so good it was still an effective vehicle in 1945. The Czech machines, the panzer 35(t) & the 38(t) were comparable to the panzer 3. The Germans used them widely mainly because they were available & allowed them to swell the ranks of the panzerwaffe. The panzer 1 to 4 were designed well before the Czech occupation.

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u/BrobdingnagLilliput 21d ago

I agree that if you plopped a random French and German tank down in a field, you should probably bet on the French tank. However, that's a rather amateurish way of evaluating them. Tanks ought to be evaluated on how well they can be used as building blocks for tank units. German tanks on balance were faster and had better communications, allowing a German armoured formation to both outrun and outmaneuver a French one.

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u/capt_blackadder11 21d ago

Yes its funny to think that the German army relied mostly on mules and horses, even camels.

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u/BrobdingnagLilliput 21d ago

That's one reason they didn't use chemical shells on June 6 to throw the Allies off the beachhead. It would have worked, but were the Allies to retaliate in kind (with chemical bombs) the Germans' transportation would have have been wiped out.

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u/Orcimedes 21d ago

were the Allies to retaliate in kind

This was certainly a factor as to why they didn't do it when bombing civilian targets, but wouldn't be so sure about the beacheads. You should not so easily disregard the industrial and stowage limitations imposed by the war, nor the fact that gas masks for horses/mules were a thing for well over 25 years by that point.

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u/Traevia 21d ago

The French army was better equipped

Not really. They had upgraded rifles from 1906 and some newer bolt actions that were really only ready in 1939 in a quantity of 100k.

had superior aircraft

Too bad they really didn't use them effectively.

was actually more mechanized than the Wehrmacht.

See aircraft. France spread out the tanks and basically left them massively uncoordinated and largely open for attack against centralized german armor forces.

France largely failed because they did not prepare, did not communicate, and largely did not know how to fight a modern war that wasn't trench warfare. They were largely all previous might but no fight.

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u/joeri1505 21d ago

All true So?

People continue to forget that the british army was in France when the Germans invaded.

The French defeat was a shared defeat.

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u/nuttyjawa 21d ago

Joeri you seem to have some very anti British - or at least, look at the British thing going on.

The BEF was in Belgium when the Germans invaded

And no one forgets that the British were defeated just as much as the French in those early dark years.

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u/joeri1505 21d ago

I'm sorry it sounds that way, its not my intention.

I have nothing against the British and I'm certainly not trying to downplay their part in the war.

The question was why France was granted equal status after the war.

I think that it's relation with Britain played a big part in that, so thats why i reffer to situations where both France and GB were involved.

Britain's victories and achievements in the war are well known so i dont feel the need to focus on those.

France often gets portrayed as weak or unreliable.

And there are certainly some examples of the French acting less than optimal.

But there are also plenty of examples of the French acting valiantly.

AND the mishappenings between the French and the Brits were still a source of tension in europe, after the war.

So there was a clear incentive to move past these issues as soon as possible.

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u/nuttyjawa 21d ago

I guess it is a very complex thing, there are indeed Frenchmen that performed valiantly, the whole free French army for example

But then there’s also Vichy France gathering Jews, there’s no simple answer

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u/joeri1505 21d ago

Certainly true

It's easy to see WW2 as a simple good vs evil conflict. But it certainly wasn't.

Naturally, the Nazi's were bad. But like you said, the Jews wern't just prosecuted by Germans.

The Allies bombed civilians too and plenty of horrible acts were commited on all sides.

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u/Gaeus21 21d ago

And no one forgets that the British were defeated just as much as the French in those early dark years.

First time I've heard of it after more than a decade of french bashing.

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u/nuttyjawa 21d ago

You've never heard of Dunkirk?

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u/Valance23322 21d ago

Have you never heard of Dunkirk? Major movie depicting it released a few years back?

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u/elcabeza79 21d ago

This is true about the resistance, but the Vichy regime allowed the Nazis to forget about France for the most part and move on to other terrible things.

Oh and there's the bit about them enacting anti-Jewish laws and rounding up a whole bunch and sending them to the Nazis.

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u/panick21 21d ago

The french resistance is a total non-factor beyond French post-war propaganda. They were incredibly ineffective.

Free French used British and US equipment. Sure it added some man-power but nowhere near relevant enough to deserve a seat at the Security Council.

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u/Astralahara 21d ago

Ehh. People make WAY more of a deal about the French resistance than it really was. It was honestly kiiiind of a joke.

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u/Arizona_Pete 21d ago

I think the part about the colonies is a huge point - France may have been occupied, but, it's colonies (especially in Africa) were not. These 'French' soldiers contributed to the allied war effort in a significant way.

French homeland may have been under occupation but, in a way, the French were never truly defeated.

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u/joeri1505 21d ago

That's more of a half-truth though

Most (95%) of the collonies sided with the Vichy French, so they recognised the armistice and didnt continue the fight at all.

Only when the other allies interveined in these collonies, they managed to place the "free French" in power, to get them to join the fight.

My point about the colonies wasn't meant to say that these colonies contributed much to the war (although they obviously did in some cases)

I meant to say that from a western point of view, these colonies needed to be "ruled" by a western power.

A lot of them had been taken from the French, by the Germans.

So they were returned to the French after the war. Because that made sense in that cultural perspective.

And with control over all these colonies, France was automatically a strong political power on the world stage. even though they had been defeated in the war.

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u/Jack1715 21d ago

Not to mention the France people were fighting for years even when all hope seemed lose

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u/Haircut117 21d ago

The British army was in France too and they only managed to escape at Dunkirk, thanks to the rearguard of the French.

That's some revisionist history if ever I've seen it.

The BEF sacrificed large numbers of its troops in hopeless rearguard actions to allow the French to escape. Over 100,000 French troops were saved at Dunkirk, in place of British troops, only to promptly surrender when they returned to France and their government capitulated. Of the 100,000 rescued at Dunkirk, only 3,000 chose to carry on the fight from Britain.

And then there was that small incident where the Brits sank a large part of the French fleet at Mers-el-Kébir.

You mean the same French fleet that intended to surrender itself to the Germans rather than carry on the fight from British ports? That French fleet? The one the Germans would have used against Britain?

If diplomatic relations were to be normalised, it would be crucial to treat France according to its own perceived status.

That's the problem right there. The rest of the Allies should have slapped down any notion of the French having a say in anything after their betrayal and collaboration. Unfortunately, it was felt that we needed them in the fight against big bad communism and so we allowed de Gaulle to spout his revisionist nonsense after we spent most of the war trying to keep him out of thing so minimise the damage he could do.

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u/Mustachio_Man 21d ago

The French were a very formidable army, however they were preparing for a repeat of WWI trench fighting.

The Maginot Line on the southern border was expecting to halt an advancing army.

The German Blitzkrieg bypassed this massive fortification by pulling a Hannibal (think elephants through the Alps) but with tanks through the "thought to be impassible" Ardennes forest.

This allows the German to encircle the French army before they could full mobilize.

TL;DR the french were out maneuvered before they could truly show off they're military might.

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u/panick21 21d ago

The French were a very formidable army, however they were preparing for a repeat of WWI trench fighting.

That is just flat out wrong. Please don't repeat these myths from the 60s.

The Maginot Line on the southern border was expecting to halt an advancing army.

No it wasn't. It did exactly what it should do and push the Germans to go threw neutral countries and delay how long it took to attack French proper.

The German Blitzkrieg bypassed this massive fortification by pulling a Hannibal (think elephants through the Alps) but with tanks through the "thought to be impassible" Ardennes forest.

Nobody thought it was impassable. Again, level of knowledge on this seems to be drawn from a 1960s textbook.

This allows the German to encircle the French army before they could full mobilize.

Totally wrong, the French were basically fully mobilized. Why are you commenting on something that you clearly have no understanding of.

TL;DR the french were out maneuvered before they could truly show off they're military might.

Well that part at least is mostly correct.

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u/half3clipse 21d ago edited 21d ago

That's a myth. The Maginot Line was an attempt to make a repeat of ww1 trench fighting pointless. If the Germans threw themselves on Maginot Line it would have broke them. If they failed to do so the far greater population and industrial capacity of the french and British empires would have crushed them later. This forced the German advance through The Netherlands and Belgium, which was the desired and expected result. T

"The thought to be impassible" Ardennes forest." was not thought impassible because it was physically impossible to get a tank through it: There are and were roads through it, and French war games had even demonstrated that an advance through it was possible. It was 'impassible' in the sense it was impossible to get a mechanized army through it in good order and supply. This was correct, the German advance through the Ardennes was a shambles and any competent response would have taken them apart. This was well known to the Germans as well. They quibbled over it for a significant period of time and were well aware that any attentive opponent could turn an advance through it back, or worse. The Manstein Plan was only adopted after the Mechelen incident convinced Hitler the original operation had been compromised.

Even then the main factor for it's adoption was Hitler already favouring a breakthrough at Sedan and Manstein giving him something that fit his basis. "Hitler thought it was a good idea" is as elsewhere synonymous with "stupid plan". Halder only went with it because he felt Germany's strategic position was hopeless, wasn't willing to throw down with Hitler over it, and while was the Manstein Plan was likely to be disastrous it wasn't strategically worse than other options. By all rights this should have been the end of the war for Germany. An attentive enemy should have been able to stop the advance which would have left the main concentration of German Panzers in poor supply and easily encircled. There was no stroke of genius here, just utter desperation, and the German plans were barely responsible for the fall of France.

Instead the most critical factor was the french themselves: The war plan was built on assumptions of Belgian and Dutch actions which did not occur, Gamelin was not someone who should have been in charge, Gamelin was replaced with someone even less capable at the worst possible time, political factors in France resulted in fractured chain of command with no clear organization and the French military did little to encourage it's own officers to act on their initiative.

Gamelin overextended the french army leaving no flexible reserve (lack of mobilization was not a problem, unless you count Gamelin being skittish about pulling troops from the Maginot Line). He also scattered armoured forces all over the line in penny packets rather than concentrating them. He bulled ahead with his initial plan despite the Germans not doing what it expected, and failed to respond to the build up around Sedan. After the German break through Weygand replaced him, cancelled Gamelins orders, took a nap and then pissed around in Paris for several days. This delay let the Germans push infantry up the panzer corridor, securing it and prevented the French from making an effective attack at the flanks of the German advance and left the armies trapped in Belgium sitting on their ass for several days, prevented a counter-encirclement at Arras and more or less guaranteed Dunkirk.

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u/OMellito 21d ago

The biggest problem was that they failed to include the radio. It is impossible to fight maneuver warfare with piss poor communication, the french army was receiving outdated orders with hours if not days of delays, and you cannot mount a defense without coordination.

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u/kebeckistan 21d ago

I also suspect if you give France the short end of the stick and treat them like a defeated nation, you're more or less setting up WW3?

Giving Germany the short end is how we got WW2 from WW1 after all.

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u/darrellbear 21d ago

French resentment of the Germans went back to the Franco-Prussian war, and doubtless further back. Long memories in parts of the world other than the US.

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u/atreides78723 21d ago

German (the peoples, not the country) resentment went back past Napoleon. The Franco-Prussian War was them binding together into Germany (the country) and saying “No more!”

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u/darrellbear 21d ago

Oh, sure. I've heard it said that resentments that led to WW I go back to the Thirty Years War. As I said, long memories.

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u/dilxoxoxlib 21d ago

You could take it all the way to pre-roman times, with Germans pushing into the lands of eastern Celts and the thousands of years of conflict that eventually lead straight through the Roman era, which ended with a series of German invasions, half of which went straight through Roman Gaul

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u/f_d 21d ago

Treating France like a defeated nation would be especially strange considering they were on the side of the victorious Allies fighting against Axis invasions. The country fell but their team won.

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u/9xInfinity 21d ago edited 21d ago

I don't think this is accurate. What animated far-right parties like the NSDAP wasn't as much the terms of Versailles (although France's occupation of the Ruhr during the economic collapse was pretty bad). The thing about the WW1 loss that the Nazis talked about were the "November Criminals". It was the "stabbed-in-the-back" myth about the Jews/socialists in the civilian government betraying the Army they directed their ire toward.

And it's worth pointing out that however angry the far-right generally was about losing the Great War, it didn't translate into a win at the ballot box. The Enabling Act is how you got WW2, and that didn't need Versailles to happen.

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u/elcabeza79 21d ago

There's a slight difference between the Treaty of Versailles and not being given a permanent seat on the UN Security Council.

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u/richyrich9 21d ago

The British army was in France too and they only managed to escape at Dunkirk, thanks to the rearguard of the French.

And then there was that small incident where the Brits sank a large part of the French fleet at Mers-el-Kébir.

In fairness France was primarily the responsbility of the French, not their tiny little neighbour who regardless committed soldiers and lots of blood to defend it, have some respect.

And the Mers-el-Kébir situation was a little more complex than you suggest - France had just signed a ceasefire with Germany and Italy and their ships were at major risk of being taken over by Hitler & Co. France refused to move them elsewhere or let the Brits control them to avoid that risk. War is a messy, often complex situation, best not to make light of these things or suggest they were simple/stupid decisions.

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u/joeri1505 21d ago

I'm not sure what you're trying to say.

I'm perfectly aware that the defence of France was primarily a French affair.

But am i denying that by pointing out that the British army was also there?

Is it disrespectful to say that the British army in France was also defeated?

I'm no fan of redacting history out of a sense of "respect"

On the other hand, we reguarly see refferences to the French surrender in which the respect for their courage is hard to find.

The Mars-El-Kebir situation certainly was more complex than i described.

I dont know if you've read my post but it's rather long so going into the details of that cursed situation seemed excessive.

But since you tried to describe the situation in 3 lines, let me point out that the situation was actually much more complex than THAT.

The French had indeed just signed a cease-fire. But the french admiral Darlan had assured Churchill that the fleet would not fall into German hands.

There was no German or Italian force near enough to try anything against the fleet either.

The first step in the situation actually took place in Plymouth and Portsmouth. Where the British forces boarded French ships without permission and the French crew resisted.

Resulting in 2 Brits and 1 French sailor being killed.

Against this backdrop, the negotiations in Mars-El-Kebir started.

What folowed was a series of misunderstandings and ego-clashes.

Admiral Gensoul was the highest ranking officer at the French base.

He was insulted that no simmilar ranking officer had been sent by the Brits but instead, they sent a mere captain.

The French already had orders to move to neutral (american) waters in case anybody (Axis OR allied) tried to take the fleet.

This was actually one of the options which the Brits proposed. So the middle ground was obvious and agreeable to both sides.

But the Brits presented the request as an ultimatum and French pride resulted in stalling and a breakdown in negotiations.

Before the negotiations had been formally ended, the British aircraft were already underway.

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u/Tsaibatsu 21d ago

Did you call the British Empire a "tiny little neighbour"?

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u/ShaeTheFunny_Whore 21d ago

The British Empire never really had a large standing army that could compete with France or Germany.

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u/Nathan-Stubblefield 21d ago

The Allies sank the French ships because they exited to keep them out of German hands, and the French refused to let them be used to fight against the Germans. They would have been as incompetent keeping the Germans away from their ships as they were at keeping the Germans out of France.

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u/PresidentWordSalad 21d ago

The Mers es Kebir attack was a great example of how poor communication, egos, and historical grievances can cost lives. Gensoul delayed things by hours because he was offended that the ultimatum wasn’t presented by someone sufficiently senior. The British failed to effectively communicate that the French ships could be sent to a neutral port, primarily somewhere in the USA. Neither side went in trusting the other.

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u/Kamenev_Drang 21d ago

I mean, the British captain clearly informed Gensoul he could sail to a neutral port, idk how more clear he could have been.

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u/Dreadedvegas 21d ago

Not even a neutral port, the ultimatum included that the ships can be moved to any French possession anywhere not in Europe and Africa.

They specifically asked for the Caribbean but where willing to accept Indochina at the time. The British just wanted the French battlecruisers to be out of the picture so there wasn’t a possibility of takeover which would cause a swing in which the Royal Navy would be under threat of being outnumbered in the Mediterranean.

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u/PresidentWordSalad 21d ago edited 21d ago

If I recall correctly, the British representative was chosen because he could speak French; Gensoul sent a subordinate because he was insulted he wasn’t dealing with an admiral. This caused a lot of confusion.

The British representative pushed for moving the French fleet to the Caribbean, but did not emphasize that the French could be relocated to the United States - which Darlan told Gensoul to accept if offered, and which Gensoul’s representative was likely unaware. Gensoul also failed to mention to his superiors that the British were offering to take the fleet to a neutral port - he pitched it to them as a “turn over the ships or be annihilated” scenario, which compounded confusion.

Keep in mind that the British were not entirely sure how determined the French fleet was to resist impressment by the Nazis (the French scuttling their ships in later instances showed just this commitment to resistance the British doubted). The French were distrustful of the British (e.g. if the ships would actually be used in war against Germany) and concerned about repercussions from the Nazis if they were seen to be turning over valuable assets to Britain.

Also, the French were given six hours to surrender. When the parties were close to coming to an agreement, the time basically ran out and the British opened fire.

Basically, if Somerville and Gensoul had had the chance to sit down together actually talk, the whole thing might have been avoided.

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u/penwy 21d ago

Mers-el-kebir didn't sank the french ships. It sank a french ship, and damaged five.

In Toulon, french troops actually managed to fully thwart the German attempt to seize the french fleet undamaged, by scuttling more than a hundred ships in less than one hour.

French were approximately a hundred times more efficient than the allies at keeping germans away from their ships.

Learn shit before talking shit.

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u/southerner_too 21d ago edited 21d ago

When Holland was defeated by the Germans they sent, or had many of their ships in the Dutch East Indies. The Dutch were trying to keep those ships together and did not allow them to be captured by the Germans. They used those ships to fight the Japanese in conjunction with the US, British and Australians. Of course they did not last very long.

Why didn't the French do the same thing? They had all kinds of French possessions to harbor their ships. Yes yes I know the Vichy French Government that was set up by the Germans. Vichy France was a thumb in our eyes from the very start. And while its true that, when allied air crews were shot down over France they had a real chance of getting returned home by the resistance, but in fact they had as good of chance of being turned in by Frenchmen who were working for the Vichy. So there were a lot of French men who worked for the Germans against us after the fall.

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u/lalaria 21d ago

Wrong, history proved the British killed 1,300 French sailors for no reason. When the Germans tried taking the French fleet in southern France, the French sailors destroyed it, as they had promised they'd do. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scuttling\_of\_the\_French\_fleet\_at\_Toulon

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u/huntimir151 21d ago

There was no guarantee that Vichy would take that action, however. It was a reasonable move to demand that they scuttle the ships, considering that Vichy was a client state of Nazi Germany at the point when the British attacked the ships in question. The French refused to scuttle them, provoking the british into action. Its a bit cold, but it makes sense to say "hey, you just surrendered to our enemy. Please sink those ships so the enemy doesn't get them and use them against us." And, if in response, the French said "nah", which they did, it makes sense to take unilateral action. Tough decision but not necessarily unjustified. Relying on the Vichy state's relative disloyalty to the force holding their leash isn't a great gamble from the British perspective.

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u/SkittlesAreYum 21d ago

If you're Britain you absolutely cannot take that risk, even if you're fairly confident they would scuttle the ships themselves.

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u/Sheogorathsstaff 21d ago

They weren't going to allow the future of the Mediterranean and by extension Suez to be left to the Vichy French's word. They were given 3 perfectly reasonable options but they chose not to speak to the British because the officer was too low rank

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u/BrobdingnagLilliput 21d ago

the officer was too low rank

Which is honestly hilarious for a state founded on "liberté, égalité, fraternité."

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u/OMellito 21d ago

Considering the amount of mistakes made by french High command during both world wars I cannot say that I am surprised.

Let's just say that tradition and proud old men can account for a lot of the french losses on the battlefield.

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u/Henghast 21d ago

Best part was that he was fairly high ranking but was sent because he spoke French so as to aid the communication of the important offer.

Join us, Scuttle or sail to a neutral port.

Arrogance was the killer.

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u/elcabeza79 21d ago

And then there was that small incident where the Brits sank a large part of the French fleet at Mers-el-Kébir.

Was this not to prevent the French fleet from being used by the Germans (we know treaties the Nazis signed were worthless), and the British gave the French commander ample opportunity to turn it over without violence, but the French commander chose to engage with the British?

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u/joeri1505 21d ago

1: yes, this was done to prevent the French fleet from being used by the Germans.

There were indeed treaties in place to prevent the Germans from taking the ships but the Germans were indeed unreliable where it came to treaties.

2: "The Brits gave the French commander ample oppertunity to turn it over without violence."

No, they really didn't. There was no German (or Italian) force in the area so there was no reason to rush negotiations at all.

One of the key things that went wrong was the fact that the British proposal (really it was more of an ultimatum) wasnt sent to De Gaulle, in full.

The part where the Brits suggested the French sail to neutral (American) waters never was sent. Which is sad since that would have been the most agreable option to the French. (who already had a plan in place to do exactly this when anybody threatened to take the navy)

3: "The French commander chose to engage"

No, this is just wrong.

Negotiations broke down and before they were even finalised, the British airplane were underway. The Brits started hostilities.

4: one thing to also mention is that several French ships were docked in the UK.

Before negotiations at Mars-El-Kebir even started, the Brits had taken these ships by force. 2 Brits and 1 Frenchman had died in this.

This set the tone for the negotiations.

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u/quijote3000 21d ago

"the French commander chose to engage with the British" The british attacked, not the french.

And France manage to destroy its fleet when Germany tried to take it for themselves, as they had promised to the british.

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u/elcabeza79 21d ago

Sure the British fired first, but after an ultimatum. It's fair to say the French chose to engage the British rather than scuttle the fleet or let the British sail it to a neutral port.

Yes, they did at Toulon, but you can probably understand why the British weren't exactly confident that would be the outcome.

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u/hquadrat 21d ago

Had the British army at Dunkirk been there while Germany invaded already? I thought those troops were sent after the German invasion of France?

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u/nuttyjawa 21d ago

No the BEF and the RAF were in France + Belguim prior to the invasion

If you want more information look up the "phony war"

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u/hquadrat 21d ago

Oh, I have known that. In German it is called "Sitting War", Sitzkrieg.

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u/nuttyjawa 21d ago

Oh really? Hah thats awesome

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u/Masato_Fujiwara 21d ago

In French it's "La drôle de guerre" or "the funny war"

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u/hquadrat 21d ago

Thanks, I will do that!

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u/Rosenthalferdinand 21d ago

The BEF was already in France from September 10th, 1939 onwards, and a 150k by November, and sat around during the Phoney War.

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u/panick21 21d ago

Read "The Fall of France: The Nazi Invasion of 1940" its short and easy read but teaches everything you need to know.

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u/acidkrn0 21d ago

France was like Arsenal is now

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u/joeri1505 21d ago

A strange analogy but not wrong.

A long-respected entity which no longer really holds the power it once did.

But is still treated in such a manner, because people are still getting used to the new status quo.

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u/Stralau 21d ago

Short answer would be that the French wanted it and it was in the interests of the UK and the US.

It gave the western allies one more anti communist vote at the table and restoring French national pride also ensured no opportunity for a communist takeover in France, which was a possibility, or at least a concern at one stage.

The UK and US were fundamentally keen on keeping something like the status quo ante bellum, and hemming in the USSR: restoring France to great power status was a good way of achieving that, at least to some extent.

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u/bangdazap 21d ago

I'd add to this that France had a huge colonial empire and if there had been a communist revolution in France they might have gained independence, further upsetting the post-war world order.

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u/anarchysquid 21d ago

The USSR was OK with France on the Security Council too. They may have been a capitalist democracy, but they had substantially different interests than Britain and the USA, so they could be a counterbalance to the Anglo-American alliance

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u/Kered13 21d ago

It gave the western allies one more anti communist vote at the table

This wasn't such a big deal at the time, since China was still represented by the ROC and therefore was anti-communist.

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u/warren_stupidity 21d ago

Yes. 3 > 2. A better question is why the Russians agreed to it, although the veto given to each permanent seat makes it sort of a minor issue.

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u/PryanLoL 21d ago

France was very socialist before the war and communists here were strong. USSR probably expected the country to turn.

And then De Gaulle flipped both the West and the East. I don't like the guy but he had some tremendous steel balls.

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u/dorshiffe_2 21d ago

In 1945, the french communism party score 26% and socialism party 23% so the country was very close to go Communism. The US made everything to help the right wing (even if right wing were more pro-german during the war), they let De gaulle entering in Paris as the liberator to help him.

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u/Dawidko1200 21d ago

Interesting to see you say that. The version I've seen in Russian history books is that it was because of USSR's insistence that France was recognised, as the French, and de Gaulle in particular, were much less inclined towards hostility with USSR. As can be seen by de Gaulle's decision to withdraw from NATO in the 60s.

I know that both Churchill and Roosevelt had a rather unfavourable opinion of de Gaulle, while Stalin did not. During de Gaulle's visit to USSR in the 60s he spent 20 minutes at Stalin's grave.

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u/MaverickDago 21d ago

Part of it was that the UK, while part of Europe, wasn't on the continent. Having an ally that was located on the mainland was vital. France had a history of being a powerhouse, had large oversea possessions, and if they broke towards the East, it would have screwed Europe.

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u/Blueopus2 21d ago

History - France had been a superpower for centuries prior to the war

Geography - they were neighbors of Germany and Italy and were the only strong, clearly allied power there.

Contributions after capitulation - the French resistance and the free French were major thorns in hitlers side throughout the war

Contributions before capitulation - the French army folded in just two months but did a lot of fighting in that time and suffered more casualties fighting Germany than the US did

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u/charly06 21d ago

All of this is correct but the most important reason is Churchill did everything in order for france to get that seat: Uk was a colonial power and was already thinking of post war era. having two anticolonial superpowers made him wary of uk's ability to have a say in world politics. Having a fellow colonial power at the UN security council would balance a bit this new shift in world relation

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u/Jack_ofall_Trades85 21d ago

Two anticolonial powers on the security council? I think you're forgetting China.

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u/elcabeza79 21d ago

Funny to think of the US and USSR as anti-colonial.

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u/Overwraught0202 21d ago

regardless of their actions as nations, both superpowers' ideologies were explicitly anti-colonial, and both had a vested interest in breaking up the old European empires- spreading their own ideologies and in the US's case, gaining access to markets that were previously under imperial monopoly.

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u/elcabeza79 20d ago

I don't disagree. It's still amusing to think of the two expansionist superpowers as anti-colonial. It implies they were interested in the self-determination of the emerging nations. They were instead interested in their own new types of imperial influence and control.

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u/sitquiet-donothing 21d ago

French foreign policy was wide reaching and concerned a lot of the world. If you look at a map of nations that list French as the or one of the official languages, you can see the pull they had. For a global organization devoted to keeping the peace, you had to have the guiding light of almost 1/5th of nations at the time.

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u/Intranetusa 21d ago edited 18d ago

This is not to diminish the role of the French resistance (and de Gaulle's own contribution in that regard), but its role in defeating Germany seems hardly at the same level as those from the other allies overall (perhaps excluding China).

France may or may not have contributed more, but I think the contributions of China during WW2 is often underestimated. The Republic of China's armies (and to a lesser extent the communist guerillas) tied down the majority of the Japanese imperial army stationed outside of Japan (over 1 million Japanese troops in mainland China, another 700k in NE China/Manchuria and surrounding islands)...fighting in a grueling stalemate war of attrition. China was almost the Soviet Union in the far eastern front in terms of tying down large numbers of Axis troops - the USA and UK were worried that if China fell, Japan would roll over the rest of the Pacific without much resistance because the fall of China would free up the vast majority of the Japanese army troops for invasions elsewhere.

Edit:

An important event was when Japan signed the Japanese-Soviet neutrality pact in 1941 because most of Japan's armies was bogged down in a stalemate in China. Imagine if the successful conquest of China in the 1930s freed up the majority of Japanese armies, which would have allowed the Japanese to not have to sign this agreement and invade the Soviet Union from the east.

Furthermore, Japan had been fighting in China since the early 1930s with the majority of its army. Imagine if China surrendered in the 1930s...which would free up 80% of the Japanese army in the 1930s to take over the rest of eastern Asia. If that happened, then Japan wouldn't have or wouldn't have the same levels of the fuel and resource shortages they had since there are significant sources of natural resources (petroleum, rubber, etc) in mainland East Asia and in SE Asia they could've taken over. For example, today Indonesia, Malaysia, and China are significant producers of oil today. Japan did manage to capture the Dutch East Indies, but this happened pretty late (around 1942) and happened after the USA had already entered the war. The USA oil embargo against Japan was also significantly due to Japanese atrocities in China...which was heavily due to their army's frustration of not making much progress and getting stalemated in China. If China rolled over and surrendered quickly, the Japanese might not even have attacked Pearl Harbor or at least not prematurely attack it as early as they did because they wouldn't have been so dependent on American oil resources or the Americans might not have embargoed them at all.

That could altered the USA entering the war at the time it did since the US entry was mainly triggered by the Pearl Harbor attack - and could've changed the events of both the European and Pacific war.

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u/wildskipper 21d ago

Was going to say this as well. ROC losses were huge and of course a key reason for their subsequent loss in the civil war to the communists.

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u/Phokasi 21d ago

That's actually debated whether it's a key reason. The ROC still had a huge pool of manpower in 1945, their bigger problem was that the troops were leaving their posts, not fighting, and often defecting to the Communists.

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u/wildskipper 21d ago

Of course, they might not have left their posts, stopped fighting and started defecting if they hadn't been fighting the Japanese for the previous eight years. Of course it's probably not the sole reason, there's never a single reason for anything in real life.

Mass disgruntlement with your government after fighting for them for so long (with little apparent reward) isn't uncommon either. Most famously the Russian army in the first world war, but even in the UK the government in power lost the next election and there had to be the committment to the creation of the welfare state to appease the populace.

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u/Phokasi 21d ago

FWIW both the communists and ROC were fighting Japan.

The communists began the civil war in 1945 with their strongest power base in Hebei, Henan, Shanxi, and Shandong, where they had been fighting a guerrilla campaign against the Japanese.

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u/Longers1 21d ago

Important to remember the Sino-Japanese war started in 1931. It's a conflict of its own really.

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u/CezaryC 21d ago

I was just about to reply with the very same thing.

China had the second-highest number of military deaths for an Allied country, just behind the Soviets.

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u/coleman57 21d ago

Americans never hear this (I certainly never did, until today), and I suspect people in many if not most other countries don't, either. When I was young during the Cold War, Americans didn't talk much about the Soviets' sacrifice (unless they were communists or sympathisers)--it only started being discussed widely after 1991.

I was aware from my parents that there was widespread sympathy for China before and during the war, but after 1949 the issue became complicated by the explicit split of China, and since both sides of that split were seen as brutal dictatorships there wasn't much appetite for casting Chiang as a hero (except by hardline anti-communists).

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u/tafinucane 21d ago

By late 1944 Japan couldn't supply the troops they did have in the Pacific. Their biggest limiting factor was fuel for shipping and the navy, so trying to scatter more troops in the islands wouldn't have changed anything.

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u/Intranetusa 21d ago edited 21d ago

By late 1944 Japan couldn't supply the troops they did have in the Pacific. Their biggest limiting factor was fuel for shipping and the navy, so trying to scatter more troops in the islands wouldn't have changed anything.

You're only talking about the fuel shortages in the very last stages of the war, and Japan's shortage of resources was partially caused by Japan's failure to take over China. Japan had been fighting in China since the early 1930s with the vast majority of its army. Imagine if China surrendered in the 1930s...which would free up 80% of the Japanese army in the 1930s to take over the rest of eastern Asia. If that happened, then Japan wouldn't have or wouldn't have the same levels of the fuel and resource shortages they had since there are significant sources of natural resources (petroleum, rubber, etc) in mainland East Asia and in SE Asia they could've taken over. For example, today Indonesia, Malaysia, and China are significant producers of oil today. Japan did manage to capture the Dutch East Indies, but this happened pretty late (around 1942) and happened after the USA had already entered the war.

Another important event was when Japan signed the Japanese-Soviet neutrality pact in 1941 because most of Japan's armies was bogged down in a stalemate in China. Imagine if the successful conquest of China in the 1930s freed up the majority of Japanese armies, which would have allowed the Japanese to not have to sign this agreement and invade the Soviet Union from the east.

Furthermore, Japan invaded China long before the USA even entered the war in 1941. The USA oil embargo against Japan was also significantly due to Japanese atrocities in China...which was heavily due to their army's frustration of not making much progress and getting stalemated in China. If China rolled over and surrendered quickly, the Japanese might not even have attacked Pearl Harbor or at least not prematurely attack it as early as they did because they wouldn't have been so dependent on American oil resources or the Americans might not have embargoed them at all.

Considering the US entrance into World War 2 was caused by the attack on Pearl Harbor, this alternate chain of events caused by the early surrender of China would've significantly changed the course of the Pacific War and even the European War.

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u/Mindless-Story931 21d ago

Yeah, what the shit. Japan suffered more than 3 million casualties in China. China was orders of magnitude more instrumental in victory than France.

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u/LeaperLeperLemur 21d ago

I think a big part is that just before WWII , France was seen as a peer compared to US, UK, USSR. Them being overrun early into the war didn't immediately negate their status as a major power.

Compared that with Norway, Denmark, Poland, Belgium, Netherlands, Czechoslovakia, etc. All of them were minor powers before the war, if not practically brand new countries. Postwar they continued to be minor powers.

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u/Perpetual_bored 21d ago edited 21d ago

From a purely western perspective, the war was won and (in 1941) lost at large expense to the French infrastructure, architecture, monuments, art, countryside, etc. Even if an argument can be made that is was Charles de Gaulle’s shrewd political maneuvers that led to them receiving equal status among the victors, two out of the three other victors were able to use France as the playground while their homes went unmolested from the horrors of ground conflict. I think they attempted to pay back France back for that sacrifice. Not to mention that historically France was a major world power, and was still treated as such in WW2.

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u/Bergeroned 21d ago edited 21d ago

It's because by 1945 France again had one of the largest armies in the world, and its role over the previous nine months had been critically important to Allied success.

It's difficult to convey how tapped out the rest of the Allies already were, manpower-wise. All of the allied nations had to make difficult choices just to keep the divisions in the field manned. So the addition of the two corps of French Army B on the far right flank in France was critically important.

And that was just one of their forces. Before that Leclerc's division was the centerpiece of Patton's own army, and the liberators of Paris. Before that French forces had helped open a second front in France with Operation Dragoon. Before that the French held part of the line in Italy. The French armies were really the only Allied forces that were actually still growing in 1945. I can't remember if they actually fought, but they had an expeditionary force on the way to fight the Japanese in Southeast Asia. By the end of the war the Free French had 1.25 million people in uniform and were again flexing as a world power.

They would take over all occupation of France, obviously, ensuring no German (or Communist) hijinks in the backfield would slow the Allies, then they would supply crucially important forces in the subsequent occupation of central Europe after the war.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_history_of_France_during_World_War_II

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1st_Army_(France)#World_War_II#World_War_II)

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u/speedbumptx 21d ago

Creating a "balance" of power in favor of the democratic nations played a major role, IMHO.

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u/Special-Case-8020 21d ago

This is my understanding, and I would only add that it is also (less importantly) about a balance of power within Europe; that is, France was a major historic enemy of Germany and it would have seemed obvious at the time that France has a large say in the future of their biggest rival - both wars had massive fighting on French territory after all.

Things like the Coal and Steel Union and subsequent integration -> European Union are major parts of the post-war/cold war world and are understandably linked to the 1945 peace. Although NATO/USA were arguably the biggest actors in creating the Europe we see today, the role of French/German alliances + economic integration in Europe in both 'defeating' the eastern bloc & creating a peaceful and prosperous Europe should not be underestimated.

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u/Kamenev_Drang 21d ago

Why not? France occupied a key strategic position in Western Europe, and it's military and economic might was essential for stabilising Europe.

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u/PappiStalin 21d ago

Well WW2 wasn't the kind of war where after the fighting the victors would pick and choose what land they wanted from the nation they beat (unless your the Soviet union), it was for all intents and purposes a war of survival for European powers and that's all that mattered was truly their survival. So it isn't so much that France was elevated to the status of the true allied heavy weights like the UK, US and USSR, but rather that France was restored to that level of respect. It's also important to take into account Frances status on the world stage prior to the war. France was also (roughly) allied in it's views of the world like the US and UK, and could be a trusted Ally in the future tensions with the USSR. But in all reality, it was almost solely Roosevelt(then Truman), Churchill and Stalin that dictated which direction the war went, it was them who gave De Gaulle the power and respect he wanted and felt he deserved.

All that being said, it's also important to take into account that the french did continue to fight with us on the front lines when France fell, and then continued even after their liberation, they weren't just backseat drivers.

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u/DonnkeyKongJR 21d ago

In addition to what others are saying, it seems likely that the US and the UK would want a mainland western European ally that they could prop up to counter the soviets and potential future German aggression. Spain and Italy weren’t options, so France was what was there. In addition to the historic position of France as always being a major European player.

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u/Nynyano 21d ago edited 21d ago

People always forgot that an important part of remaining French army (see: Delatre de Tassigny) landed in provence from Algeria and went straight to Berlin while the Normandy landings were freeing Paris.

France militarily participated to Germany defeat and its militarily role is often underestimated in the 43-45 years because everyone is assuming its army was no more operational, which is untrue.

This is a common mistake, school's history tends to simplify WW2's ending by Normandy landing > Germany defeat while what happened is in reality a little more complex : several landings, several mixed army, several goals for each landed army.

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u/Raammson 21d ago

Part of it was Russian influence when deciding on the five UN Security Council permanent members the Soviet Union aka Stalin wanted someone who would vote against US interests. Multiple candidates were floated and Stalin agreed on France.

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u/jerjackal 21d ago

France's armies did fight back against the initial invasion and lost a tremendous amount of soldiers. They contributed a lot to staving off initial invasions, but were unsuccessful. They did manage to assist in the evacuation of British troops at Dunkirk, which was instrumental in the survival of the UK.

The "immediately" surrendered jokes are really overplayed - the fall of France was more a testament to Germany's rapid invasion strategies and the overall failure of Europe's appeasement strategies than any military shortcomings on France's side.

Keep in mind that France was a major force in WW1 and in post-WW1 politics in the region, as others have mentioned. Once liberated, France may have also officially joined in arms against Germany. They were considered allies the entire time.

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u/half3clipse 21d ago

Becasue the only way France wasn't going to be one of the largest players in Europe and in the world would be to carve it up into much smaller nations. They had a colonial empire on par with the UK, and were far more powerful as a continental power.

Deciding seats based purely on the immediate post war situation would have been a fantastically foolish decision: There was no scenario in which France wouldn't be able to rapidly recover, rearm and return to it's status a great power. If France did not have a seat at the table, they would have just ignored anything to do with the UN or the Security Council and done whatever they wished regardless.

France wasn't some scrappy little nation trying to play with the big kids. They had a massive industrial base and population on par with or exceeding the other European powers. Snubbing a major nation like that could easily have resulted in France taking a more independent stance in the cold war or aiming to form it's own power bloc.

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u/hagnat 21d ago

A lot of people believe that the USA won the Western European Front by themselves. Hollywood is really quick to show the brave American soldiers fighting and dying for the weak and dirty French civilians.

It was the sacrifice of millions of soldiers and civilians from several nations. Without intelligence from the locals, without the blood and sacrifice of the resistance groups, from the families that hid and fed spies, the war would've continued on for way longer than it did, and D-Day could have beeb another Garden Market moment.

So, yeah, France deserved a position on the security council, not only for its historical importance in Europe and the world, but because of the blood and sacrifice its people committed to during the war.

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u/ifdisdendat 21d ago

I am french, and I can’t count how many time I’ve been called a “surrender monkey” in the US. Thanks Hollywood propaganda and the American education system.

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u/imgrandojjo 21d ago

France might be wounded, but she was still a very, very powerful nation in 1946. everyone knew that France would recover much of its strength at some point, and it only made sense to take them seriously.

Besides, France paid one of the highest prices for victory of any of the Allied Powers, with the exception of the USSR. That, too, counts for something.

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u/bessie1945 21d ago

the UN isn't rewarding countries based upon their military strength during the war. It's rewarding them based upon their political philosophy and intentions during the war. (why would it do otherwise?)

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u/Caylinbite 21d ago

In addition to the other points made here, I think you are vastly underestimating the effects of a years long resistance campaign. Ultimately, Germany collapsed because they lost a war of attrition against the rest of the world. Feeding a constant stream of men, fuel, and machines into France was certainly felt on the front.

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u/nuttyjawa 21d ago

Norway is another great example of this - Resistance + threat of invasion

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u/BlindPaintByNumbers 21d ago

Because they were a victor, not to mention 250,000 military and 500,000 overall deaths in WW2. That 500,000 is a bit more than the US overall deaths, though the US deaths were almost all military.

Not sure I understand your argument. Because they bore the brunt of the German assault and capitulated they are no longer one of the victorious allies?

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u/MaterialCarrot 21d ago

I understand why the French were granted equal status, but also understand his question. Poland bore the brunt of the German assault (as did Holland, Belgium, Denmark, Norway, Yugoslavia, etc...), but certainly were not put in the same plane as France after WW II.

My summary would be that the French were given equal status primarily for reasons that had nothing to do with WW II.

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u/BlindPaintByNumbers 21d ago

Churchill was really bitter about the way the Poles were treated at the end of the war. But it was Realpolitik and in the end the allies basically traded Poland to Stalin for Greece. Stalin didn't lift a finger to help the Greek communists during the civil war.

No one was willing to extend WW2 to fight the soviets out of eastern europe. It just wasn't going to happen.

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u/Trippopotamus420 21d ago

I think the idea is that Petain and the Vichy government was in collaboration with the Nazis and therefore no longer an ally.

Under the Vichy regime the French army and navy stood in direct opposition to allied forces. As another comment noted, the Attack on Mers-el-Kébir was a direct result of Vichy France siding with the Axis powers.

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u/Vinny_Cerrato 21d ago

The counter-argument is that the real government of France was led by De Gaulle and that Vichy France were just the collaborators installed by the Germans. French resistance played a major role in sabotaging the occupying German authority, and what was left of the French army did support the major allied forces in North Africa and the eventual Western Front. With that perspective, in a sense the real government of France was never truly defeated, and thus they were one of the victors that deserved a seat at the national security council permanent member table.

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u/nuttyjawa 21d ago

Its very difficult to determine the "Real government of France". I don't think many Frenchmen saw him as that for a long long time

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u/[deleted] 21d ago

[removed]

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u/Vinny_Cerrato 21d ago

Literally five seconds of googling would show that I am correct.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_France

The Free French army fought a lot in North Africa, and were what was referenced at the end of Casablanca.

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u/saltandvinegarrr 21d ago

You didn't read that article

"Initially, with the exception of the French possessions in the Pacific and French India,[1] and French Equatorial Africa
in August–September 1940, all the territories of the French colonial
empire rejected de Gaulle's appeal and reaffirmed their loyalty to
Marshall Pétain and the Vichy government"

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u/BlindPaintByNumbers 21d ago

This is /r/history, not /r/AskReddit so you really need to do a cursory bit of research on your facts. The French troops in England chose to return to the battle in France. The fighting continued for three weeks after Dunkirk, so about two weeks after the French troops returned.

They chose to return and fight the Germans while they still could.

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u/Kookofa2k 21d ago

It's worth pointing out that the Soviets bore the brunt of Germany's advances, both in terms of military losses as well as civilian casualties. France certainly suffered, but in no way could they be said to have borne the brunt.

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u/BlindPaintByNumbers 21d ago

Germany wasn't at war with Stalin during the Battle of France, so I'm not sure what your point is. Actually, since the BoF was a 1 front war and starting with Barbarossa Germany was in a two front war, technically France was under the entire might of Germany for a few weeks.

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u/Hill_Reps_For_Jesus 21d ago

How are we defining victors then? France was defeated by Germany. France as an independent, Allied nation ceased to exist. The only reason we can call them a victor is because post-war France is considered a successor state to the (defeated) pre-war France, and was an ally of the countries that defeated Germany. Was Belgium a victor of the war too?

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u/nuttyjawa 21d ago

Imagine being Belgian.

Imagine being in their army, retreating the fall of Belgium and France

Imagine joining the British army and fighting for 5 years, to eventual victory and a return to a very different home

Then some Redditor says "Was Beglium a victor too?"

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u/Belisarius124 21d ago edited 21d ago

No they simply were not, the war would've turned out exactly the same even if they hadn't fired a shot, the poles and czechs, whilst still irrelevant in the great scheme of things, were much more useful than french were. Losing 500 000 men with nothing to show for it is called a disaster, not a victory.

The only WW2 thing french were succesful at, and that I will admit, was deceiving themselves into believing that they played a crucial role in the allied forces, which is coincidentally the only thing that clown de Gaulle got right.

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u/Eryth_HearthShadow 21d ago

Lmao. You need to call a few historians then, tell them they are all wrong.

I'm sure a member of r/Conservative will convince historian to adopt their idea of how some war turned out.

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u/Kwaakwaak 21d ago

Clown De Gaulle ? Really ? How so ?

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u/saltandvinegarrr 21d ago

The hell are you talking about. They won the war.

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u/empoleonz0 21d ago

This video by History Matters talks about it

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u/aldergone 21d ago

axis and allies

the negations were between the allied nations vs the axis nations

France was a allied nation

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u/acceidalby 21d ago

Interestingly France was not going to be a permanent member on the security council, it was just going to be the US, USSR, china and the UK. But Stalin realised that he would be cornered by US allies. So when the question of a french seat came up Stalin was all for it, because France under d'Gaul was not fond of the US.

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u/Plumrose 21d ago

Churchill wanted Western European colonialism to continue in perpetuity, and was the main proponent of France joining the UN Security Council. FDR wanted Brazil instead.

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u/WilliamTheII 21d ago

This question has been answered fairly well but thought I’d include one additional fun fact. The Soviets were very pro France becoming a permanent member because it helped balance the Cold War allegiances on the council. Although France was undisputedly pro-west and a key member of NATO, they often defied the US/UK who dominated the organization. France was seen as a neutral power politically and so it was beneficial for the Soviets to agree to their membership when compared to someone like Brazil who was also considered.

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u/techm00 21d ago

In addition to some excellent answers below, a lot of it was selling France as a post-WWII as a super power to the other powers by M. de Gaulle himself. The man was a force of nature and he insisted on equal standing with the other powers despite France having taken a brutal beating in the war.

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u/vertigo42 21d ago

Another question in the same vein. How is PROC granted the seat at the table when the ROC(Taiwan) never fell?

The RoC military was the main force against Japan. The people's army sat back and kept their numbers strong.

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u/Minskdhaka 21d ago

It was partly about their empire, which they maintained till the '60s.

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u/BurningFyre 21d ago

Because the meme of the French being weak and ineffective is entirely a modern creation. Before 1941 the idea that France could fall in a month would be ludicrous. French resistance also worked throughout the war to sabotage German plans and fight wherever they could. When the allies landed in Normandy the French were right there with them, some on the beaches but many more behind the lines with paratroopers and beyond. The free french army landed in southern france around the same time but that campaign is never really discussed, at least not around here.

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u/Ccarloc 21d ago

France was the first country along with Britain to declare war against Germany after the invasion of Poland in 1939. So it would make sense the they be part of the subsequent peace process.

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u/andthenhesaidrectum 21d ago edited 21d ago

This is just an odd and wrongheaded perspective from which to start.

What alternative could reasonably have been suggested?

Do you think the US, Britain, and Russia should have divided it up?

Also, consider the precedent and diminished motivation to fight and be an ally in the future if any other route were chosen. ie. why would any nation fight along the allies in the next world war, or next conflict of any kind, if by doing so, they were in jeopardy of losing sovereinty if they were defeated on the way to their side's victory. to put it another way - you're with 2 buddies walking through a bad neighborhood. If you the 3 of you get jumped, and you all agree to fight together, but one of you gets knocked out, the other two shouldn't leave you there. They certainly shouldn't beat up the attackers, then rob you and divide your possessions. No, if you want them to fight with you next time, it's ride or die.

this guy might be daydrinking.

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u/BunkytheClown 21d ago

I don't think the permanent security council seats depended on being able to kick ass.

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u/steezefabreeze 21d ago

I mean, it kind of does.

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u/Mischief_Makers 21d ago

Once again, the contribution of the french resistance goes overlooked. Just because the country fell doesn't mean they stopped fighting.

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u/heyitscory 21d ago

You must be fun when it's time to split the bill at Cheesecake Factory.

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u/No_Establishment6754 21d ago

Also worth remembering that the French army kept fighting in Africa, Italy and eventually mainland Europe. A large number of French troops also left for the UK, doing dun kirk, who participated in the battle for Europe (mainly after D day for some reason).

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u/lostinaquasar 21d ago

They were also were instrumental in the United States becoming a country.

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u/Neil_youngs_voice 21d ago

Never forget that the US won the war against Japan by mass murdering civilians.

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u/spicificImplus 21d ago

To make them feel better after being ream rodded by Nazi Germany.

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u/way2funni 21d ago

As a fledgling nation , France was one of our first friends.

We may not have survived the revolutionary war if it were not for the French Navy - first ferrying supplies and then in open combat vs. the British. They also had thousands of troops stationed here and they ultimately ended up under the command of General Washington, who would become our first President.

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u/acceidalby 21d ago edited 21d ago

Historical allies maybe, but de Gaulle and Roosevelt dissagreed on everything, and the relationship between France and the US was very cold after WW2, leading to france leaving the NATO high command during the cold war.

When talking about geopolitics historical relations are meaningless.

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u/BlokeDude 21d ago

d'Gaul

Slight nitpick: it's 'de Gaulle'.

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u/atreides78723 21d ago

And when their revolution came around, we turned our backs on them. When the new French government came to claim the money we owed France, we said “Piss off, we owe Louis XVI, not you.”

And France already got their original value out of helping us, removing a massive material and economic resource from British hands while tying up its military.

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u/Vaudge55 21d ago

A major reason was that Britain did not want to manage European security. For a large part of the war, France was in the axis powers as the French State or Vichy (the Free movement was quite insignificant until Case Anton). Even most allied nations choose to negotiate with the Vichy state as it was recognized as legitimate. The US wanted France to be treated as a conquered nation however Britain feared soviet aggression. You see many Western powers feared a Soviet invasion of Western Europe and as a result Britain would be expected to be the primary defender which wasn’t a position Churchill wanted. Britain was ravaged by war and was not in the best position to defend the continent. Therefore they pushed for France to be treated as a member of the big 5 (UK, US, China, USSR and France). Basically France was treated like an Ally because Britain was tired of helping Europe lol

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u/PiHeadSquareBrain 21d ago

That’s exactly what everyone has been wondering for the past 76 years.