69
As humanity aspires to explore the solar system and investigate distant worlds such as the Moon, Mars, and beyond, there is a growing need to establish and broaden coordinate time references that depend on the rate of standard clocks. According to Einstein's theory of relativity, the rate of a standard clock is influenced by the gravitational potential at the location of the clock and the relative motion of the clock. A coordinate time reference is established by a grid of synchronized clocks traceable to an ideal clock at a predetermined point in space. This allows for the comparison of local time variations of clocks due to gravitational and kinematic effects. We present a relativistic framework to introduce a coordinate time for the Moon. This framework also establishes a relationship between the coordinate times for the Moon and the Earth as determined by standard clocks located on the Earth's geoid and the Moon's equator. A clock near the Moon's equator ticks faster than one near the Earth's equator, accumulating an extra 56.02 microseconds per day over the duration of a lunar orbit. This formalism is then used to compute the clock rates at Earth-Moon Lagrange points. Accurate estimation of the rate differences of coordinate times across celestial bodies and their inter-comparisons using clocks onboard orbiters at relatively stable Lagrange points as time transfer links is crucial for establishing reliable communications infrastructure. This understanding also underpins precise navigation in cislunar space and on celestial bodies' surfaces, thus playing a pivotal role in ensuring the interoperability of various position, navigation, and timing (PNT) systems spanning from Earth to the Moon and to the farthest regions of the inner solar system.
As a software engineer, I would like to add that we are done dealing with time and dates and Martians and Moonfolk better pick UTC and shut up or they aren’t touching the database.
Timezones are one thing. Accounting for relativistic drift will be a whole different problem.
I’m glad I’ll be dead before I have to think about dates and times that hard. I’ll never forgive that one island that moved the international dateline or the parts of the United States that don’t follow daylight savings.
Nobody should follow DST. It’s archaic and outdated.
If I have to build a new Python library for relativistic drift, I might actually punch a bitch. 😆
Seriously though, if I had a dollar for every time someone asked me to do the impossible just because I’m a software engineer, I don’t know that I’d be rich, but I would have a decent amount of money.