In a new piece for Scientific American, Princeton anthropologist Dr. Agustín Fuentes argues that the binary of male and female is too simplistic to describe the complexity of human sex
Academia has become gripped by a new religious dogma that must not be questioned. They’re trying to redefine the basic scientific terminology of sex in order to appease an unscientific political movement.
Academia has become gripped by a new religious dogma that must not be questioned. They’re trying to redefine the basic scientific terminology of sex in order to appease an unscientific political movement.
Nobody is doing this senselessly. This is a fantasy. Gender and sex are two different things, and sex is legitimately scientifically a spectrum, hermaphrodytes and intersex people actually exist…
There’s no real problem here, just bigots being upset about things that legitimately don’t matter. The world is complex and simplifying it so that you can understand it easier is not a logical way forward.
This is akin to being upset that Pluto isn’t a planet anymore—just because science updates its understanding with new evidence doesn’t mean it’s “catering” to anyone. It means it’s doing its job. If your worldview crumbles because nature isn’t neat and binary, that’s your personal fragility, not a scientific crisis.
No, intersex is not a third sex in the traditional sense of male or female. It’s an umbrella term for people born with sex characteristics that don’t fit typical definitions of male or female. Intersex individuals can have any gender identity and sexual orientation, and many identify as either male or female
Go look at any biology book at the college level and you won’t find sex is a spectrum. That’s a fringe theory that ignores human biology.
This is a matter of opinion, not an objective fact.
No, intersex is not a third sex in the traditional sense of male or female. It’s an umbrella term for people born with sex characteristics that don’t fit typical definitions of male or female.
Yes, which is why it’s a spectrum. They don’t cleanly meet either, they are somewhere inbetween and where exactly they are cannot be cleanly defined. You can try to determine this by size of gametes, etc, but you’ll find complicating factor and exceptions in any definition. Since there’s no clean, clear way to define these things, it is in fact a spectrum.
You might think this source supports your claim, but notice "Specifically, 58% agreed sex is binary except in rare intersex cases, while 29% said it is not and 13% had no view. "
Intersex individuals can have any gender identity and sexual orientation, and many identify as either male or female
So?
Go look at any biology book at the college level and you won’t find sex is a spectrum. That’s a fringe theory that ignores human biology.
So? They aren’t talking about gender identity, this is a specific guide for a specific course, not representative of all positions by all experts in every field, textbooks are not masters of nuance, they explain things in simple terms to build mastery of a topic, just because a textbook author didn’t want to get into the weeds of this doesn’t mean it isn’t a spectrum and there isn’t complexity and nuance to the topic.
Talk to an expert with a PHD about this, ask them this specific question, you’ll find a better answer than what the textbook says.
There’s no definite way to classify intersex and non-sexed people that isn’t simply a matter of opinion. This is a fact and won’t change, ever. If you ignore these cases, sure, you’re right, but these cases exist, so the topic is more nuanced than that.
It’s a birth defect. Their sex is still male or female. Intersex groups like to call it a variation but as I cited previously even they don’t consider it another sex. That’s because we are binary when it comes to reproduction.
How do you define people who produce both gametes?
How do you define people who produce neither?
The fact is, there are people who don’t fit neatly in one or the other.
I’ll accept it if you concede and admit there are at least 4 options. Perhaps 4 options is not enough to count as a spectrum… but this is yet another opinion.
Obgyn have a chart they use to match. How they identify later with their gender is a different story. Gender and sex don’t always match and I’m less concerned with that debate since it’s a made up social construct. Biology is biology. There may be variances in sex but there are only two. It’s how we classify since it’s about reproduction.
This is a matter of opinion, not an objective fact.
It is an objective fact. I’ll link you to Wikipedia because it’s easy, but feel free to cite anything that contradicts it: “The type of gamete an organism produces determines its sex”
Talk to an expert with a PHD about this
You literally avoided reading the article, where a PhD in evolutionary biology explains exactly why you’re wrong.
It is an objective fact. I’ll link you to Wikipedia[1] because it’s easy, but feel free to cite anything that contradicts it: “The type of gamete an organism produces determines its sex”
Yes, that is a fact, as is the fact that sex is a spectrum because of intersex people. These are not incompatible facts.
You literally avoided reading the article, where a PhD in evolutionary biology explains exactly why you’re wrong.
Plenty of PhD’s in evolutionary biology would agree with me, even in the article
“Sometimes, the complex machinery involved in reproduction can develop wrong, and people can suffer from infertility or exhibit reproductive traits that are atypical for their sex, including ambiguous genitalia (intersex conditions). However, as pointed out by others, these are not additional sexes because these body plans do not produce a new type of gamete besides sperm or eggs. Someone who does not produce any gametes would also not be a third sex since they would be fundamentally incapable of sexual reproduction.”
They make the claim that this doesn’t count as another sex, but even not being any sex would be a sex all on its own… resulting in it not being a simple binary. There’s nuance here that is going over your head.
Plenty of PhD’s in evolutionary biology would agree with me, even in the article
Are you misreading the article? When it says “However, as pointed out by others”, that is pointing out that you’re 100% incorrect. I’m not sure why you cited something that proves you wrong. Nowhere is a single PhD cited that agrees with you.
I am not, he addresses this point by saying “this is not a sex”, there being sexless humans implies a non-binary of sexes, this is just one way to look at it and a matter of opinion. He did not disprove my stance, he merely stated he dislikes it.
Nowhere is a single PhD cited that agrees with you.
You might think this source supports your claim, but notice "Specifically, 58% agreed sex is binary except in rare intersex cases, while 29% said it is not and 13% had no view. "
Plenty of PHD’s agree with me, even the 58% agree with me.
Let’s review, your claim is that sex is completely binary, my claim is that sex is not binary, because there are exceptions to males and females being the only option.
The article acknowledges that there are people where you cannot say if they are male or female, or they are sexless, therefore, my claim is validated by the article. Your claim is not.
So I would agree with that 58%, because there’s no option for “Yes, and intersex is irrelevant”. It’s honestly a terrible poll, most likely not written by a biologist. I wouldn’t be surprised if that 13% put down “Prefer not to say” as a sort of “This is a bad poll” response.
“Leading science journals have been adopting this relativist view, thereby opposing fundamental biological facts,” he said.
“While we fully endorse efforts to create a more inclusive environment for gender-diverse people, this does not require denying biological sex.
“On the contrary, the rejection of biological sex seems to be based on a lack of knowledge about evolution and it champions species chauvinism, inasmuch as it imposes human identity notions on millions of other species.”
Intersex people aren’t a monolith. What size gametes each intersex person produces determines their sex. This is the biological definition and is not a spectrum. It is binary and immutable. Gender activists are trying to shove gender into inappropriate places.
If it doesn’t matter, then it should be no big deal to drop all of the gender woo when speaking of sex, right?
Intersex people aren’t a monolith. What size gametes each intersex person produces determines their sex. This is the biological definition and is not a spectrum.
they often produce both or neither…
It is binary and immutable. Gender activists are trying to shove gender into inappropriate places.
Give one example.
If it doesn’t matter, then it should be no big deal to drop all of the gender woo when speaking of sex, right?
It doesn’t matter and it’s a better, more accurate descriptor of the situation, so why would we drop it? That’s like saying we should drop dwarf planets because it doesn’t really matter and you prefer the old way.
There’s a reason science and culture are evolving these terms, it’s because the previous way of using them was simplistic and not as useful.
Thank you for being aware of the sex binary. In incredibly rare cases (as in you can count them on the fingers of one hand), there may have been cases where humans produced both gametes, likely due to chimerism. But just as you say, it’s both gametes, because sex is binary. They’re producing both of the two binary options.
Producing neither gamete is a silly point to bring up. Your sex is the size of the gametes you do or would produce. It’s also not a new sex to produce neither of the two gametes.
Give one example.
Besides the given example in the article and directly given to you already where an academic is trying to push for a bad definition of sex (in Scientific American, not just some random podunk journal), here’s one example:
Note: in humans, there are egg-producers that do not identify as female and sperm-producers that do not identify as male.
That’s a silly statement that has nothing to do with biology and was clearly shoved in there for appeasement of gender fanatics. Biology doesn’t give a shit how you identify.
more accurate descriptor of the situation
It’s less accurate. You responded to me with “whoa what about intersex people”, because you were working off of a bad and unclear definition. If you had read the article, you would have known this. Reminder that the article is titled “Denying the Human Sex Binary Turns Biology into Nonsense”, written by a PhD in evolutionary biology. He’s addressing your exact points.
Thank you for being aware of the sex binary. In incredibly rare cases (as in you can count them on the fingers of one hand), there may have been cases where humans produced both gametes, likely due to chimerism. But just as you say, it’s both gametes, because sex is binary. They’re producing both of the two binary options.
Yes, or none, which makes it not as simple as a binary. You’ve already admitted even if you disagree about it being a spectrum, that it isn’t a binary. I disagree that the only way to determine the sex of an individual is gamete size, but even if you run with that definition, you end up with exceptions.
Besides the given example in the article and directly given to you already where an academic is trying to push for a bad definition of sex (in Scientific American, not just some random podunk journal), here’s one example[1]:
That link doesn’t even resemble what I asked for, and that example in the article is people expressing legitimate desire to improve the definitions and move the field forward, this is not somebody injecting things for no reason, like you claim. Is discussing the topic not allowed in your eyes? Is literally any discussion or debate on the topic inappropriate?
Producing neither gamete is a silly point to bring up. Your sex is the size of the gametes you do or would produce. It’s also not a new sex to produce neither of the two gametes.
There are many cases where it is impossible to know which you would produce. This means it’s not as simple as a binary, in these cases, the gamete option is not a viable way to determine sex.
It’s less accurate. You responded to me with “whoa what about intersex people”, because you were working off of a bad and unclear definition. If you had read the article, you would have known this. Reminder that the article is titled “Denying the Human Sex Binary Turns Biology into Nonsense”, written by a PhD in evolutionary biology. He’s addressing your exact points.
He failed to address them, none of my points make any of what i’m saying any harder to understand, nor do they cause any actual crisis. The article basically consists of “I don’t like it when people do this, and it’s easier for me to understand even though this doesn’t cover edge cases too well” it’s just an opinion piece, not a factual statement.
biology has plenty of these issues, where the answer seems obvious until you engage with enough literature and ask enough questions, for example, try defining a species for me!
Is literally any discussion or debate on the topic inappropriate?
Gender is appropriate for sociology. Biology doesn’t give a shit what you identify as. It has no place in a biology textbook. It’s not moving the field forward, it’s trying to push a worse and irrelevant definition.
I disagree that the only way to determine the sex of an individual is gamete size
Bully for you, but your opinion is irrelevant to the scientific consensus.
The article basically consists of “I don’t like it when people do this
Again, this is not just some random opinion. This is is not equal to your opinion. This is a PhD in evolutionary biology writing about the scientific consensus. You’re free to disagree with the scientific consensus, but you should admit you’re no better than a creationist spouting off “god did it”.
Gender is appropriate for sociology. Biology doesn’t give a shit what you identify as. It has no place in a biology textbook. It’s not moving the field forward, it’s trying to push a worse and irrelevant definition.
As discussed, the intersex debate has pushed forward talks about biological precision in terminology, and ways to properly define such things. These are worthwhile discussions that are harming nobody.
Bully for you, but your opinion is irrelevant to the scientific consensus.
It is in fact not. You’re confusing “determining” and “defining”
I control f’d for intersex, didn’t mention it, i expect he’d give an opinion that intersex doesn’t count as a sex even if the produce both gametes baselessly, because this is a matter of opinion, like he did in the above article, making it a matter of his opinion, and having nothing to do with either scientific consensus or facts.
Again, this is not just some random opinion. This is is not equal to your opinion. This is a PhD in evolutionary biology writing about the scientific consensus.
You don’t know who I am hahaha. My opinion that intersex individuals are a special exception is a common one amongst PHD’s in biology, this particular guy just doesn’t agree with that.
You’re free to disagree with the scientific consensus, but you should admit you’re no better than a creationist spouting off “god did it”.
This has nothing to do with scientific consensus, and everything to do with the opinion of ONE PHD.
here’s a few PHD’s who would likely disagree with him:
When I did my biology courses there was a debate about intersex. That was 30 years ago.
I personally believe there are two sexes and anything outside of that is a defect or deviant.
I can accept three when used to classify a few edge cases for intersex but that’s where I draw the line.
From the opening sentence of the article:
Academia has become gripped by a new religious dogma that must not be questioned. They’re trying to redefine the basic scientific terminology of sex in order to appease an unscientific political movement.
Nobody is doing this senselessly. This is a fantasy. Gender and sex are two different things, and sex is legitimately scientifically a spectrum, hermaphrodytes and intersex people actually exist…
There’s no real problem here, just bigots being upset about things that legitimately don’t matter. The world is complex and simplifying it so that you can understand it easier is not a logical way forward.
This is akin to being upset that Pluto isn’t a planet anymore—just because science updates its understanding with new evidence doesn’t mean it’s “catering” to anyone. It means it’s doing its job. If your worldview crumbles because nature isn’t neat and binary, that’s your personal fragility, not a scientific crisis.
No sex is not a spectrum. It’s male or female.
As stated by https://interactadvocates.org/
No, intersex is not a third sex in the traditional sense of male or female. It’s an umbrella term for people born with sex characteristics that don’t fit typical definitions of male or female. Intersex individuals can have any gender identity and sexual orientation, and many identify as either male or female
Go look at any biology book at the college level and you won’t find sex is a spectrum. That’s a fringe theory that ignores human biology.
This is a matter of opinion, not an objective fact.
Yes, which is why it’s a spectrum. They don’t cleanly meet either, they are somewhere inbetween and where exactly they are cannot be cleanly defined. You can try to determine this by size of gametes, etc, but you’ll find complicating factor and exceptions in any definition. Since there’s no clean, clear way to define these things, it is in fact a spectrum.
for example:
https://www.stateofunion.org/2024/03/07/poll-finds-majority-of-scientists-at-british-universities-agree-sex-is-binary/
You might think this source supports your claim, but notice "Specifically, 58% agreed sex is binary except in rare intersex cases, while 29% said it is not and 13% had no view. "
So?
So? They aren’t talking about gender identity, this is a specific guide for a specific course, not representative of all positions by all experts in every field, textbooks are not masters of nuance, they explain things in simple terms to build mastery of a topic, just because a textbook author didn’t want to get into the weeds of this doesn’t mean it isn’t a spectrum and there isn’t complexity and nuance to the topic.
Talk to an expert with a PHD about this, ask them this specific question, you’ll find a better answer than what the textbook says.
We are not talking about gender identify. We are talking biological sex. There are two. That hasn’t and won’t change in our lifetime.
There’s no definite way to classify intersex and non-sexed people that isn’t simply a matter of opinion. This is a fact and won’t change, ever. If you ignore these cases, sure, you’re right, but these cases exist, so the topic is more nuanced than that.
It’s a birth defect. Their sex is still male or female. Intersex groups like to call it a variation but as I cited previously even they don’t consider it another sex. That’s because we are binary when it comes to reproduction.
How do you define people who produce both gametes?
How do you define people who produce neither?
The fact is, there are people who don’t fit neatly in one or the other.
I’ll accept it if you concede and admit there are at least 4 options. Perhaps 4 options is not enough to count as a spectrum… but this is yet another opinion.
Obgyn have a chart they use to match. How they identify later with their gender is a different story. Gender and sex don’t always match and I’m less concerned with that debate since it’s a made up social construct. Biology is biology. There may be variances in sex but there are only two. It’s how we classify since it’s about reproduction.
It is an objective fact. I’ll link you to Wikipedia because it’s easy, but feel free to cite anything that contradicts it: “The type of gamete an organism produces determines its sex”
You literally avoided reading the article, where a PhD in evolutionary biology explains exactly why you’re wrong.
Yes, that is a fact, as is the fact that sex is a spectrum because of intersex people. These are not incompatible facts.
Plenty of PhD’s in evolutionary biology would agree with me, even in the article
“Sometimes, the complex machinery involved in reproduction can develop wrong, and people can suffer from infertility or exhibit reproductive traits that are atypical for their sex, including ambiguous genitalia (intersex conditions). However, as pointed out by others, these are not additional sexes because these body plans do not produce a new type of gamete besides sperm or eggs. Someone who does not produce any gametes would also not be a third sex since they would be fundamentally incapable of sexual reproduction.”
They make the claim that this doesn’t count as another sex, but even not being any sex would be a sex all on its own… resulting in it not being a simple binary. There’s nuance here that is going over your head.
Are you misreading the article? When it says “However, as pointed out by others”, that is pointing out that you’re 100% incorrect. I’m not sure why you cited something that proves you wrong. Nowhere is a single PhD cited that agrees with you.
I am not, he addresses this point by saying “this is not a sex”, there being sexless humans implies a non-binary of sexes, this is just one way to look at it and a matter of opinion. He did not disprove my stance, he merely stated he dislikes it.
I already gave this:
https://www.stateofunion.org/2024/03/07/poll-finds-majority-of-scientists-at-british-universities-agree-sex-is-binary/
You might think this source supports your claim, but notice "Specifically, 58% agreed sex is binary except in rare intersex cases, while 29% said it is not and 13% had no view. "
Plenty of PHD’s agree with me, even the 58% agree with me.
Let’s review, your claim is that sex is completely binary, my claim is that sex is not binary, because there are exceptions to males and females being the only option.
The article acknowledges that there are people where you cannot say if they are male or female, or they are sexless, therefore, my claim is validated by the article. Your claim is not.
So I would agree with that 58%, because there’s no option for “Yes, and intersex is irrelevant”. It’s honestly a terrible poll, most likely not written by a biologist. I wouldn’t be surprised if that 13% put down “Prefer not to say” as a sort of “This is a bad poll” response.
I’ll let the quoted scientist in the source of the poll respond.
Intersex people aren’t a monolith. What size gametes each intersex person produces determines their sex. This is the biological definition and is not a spectrum. It is binary and immutable. Gender activists are trying to shove gender into inappropriate places.
If it doesn’t matter, then it should be no big deal to drop all of the gender woo when speaking of sex, right?
they often produce both or neither…
Give one example.
It doesn’t matter and it’s a better, more accurate descriptor of the situation, so why would we drop it? That’s like saying we should drop dwarf planets because it doesn’t really matter and you prefer the old way.
There’s a reason science and culture are evolving these terms, it’s because the previous way of using them was simplistic and not as useful.
Thank you for being aware of the sex binary. In incredibly rare cases (as in you can count them on the fingers of one hand), there may have been cases where humans produced both gametes, likely due to chimerism. But just as you say, it’s both gametes, because sex is binary. They’re producing both of the two binary options.
Producing neither gamete is a silly point to bring up. Your sex is the size of the gametes you do or would produce. It’s also not a new sex to produce neither of the two gametes.
Besides the given example in the article and directly given to you already where an academic is trying to push for a bad definition of sex (in Scientific American, not just some random podunk journal), here’s one example:
That’s a silly statement that has nothing to do with biology and was clearly shoved in there for appeasement of gender fanatics. Biology doesn’t give a shit how you identify.
It’s less accurate. You responded to me with “whoa what about intersex people”, because you were working off of a bad and unclear definition. If you had read the article, you would have known this. Reminder that the article is titled “Denying the Human Sex Binary Turns Biology into Nonsense”, written by a PhD in evolutionary biology. He’s addressing your exact points.
Yes, or none, which makes it not as simple as a binary. You’ve already admitted even if you disagree about it being a spectrum, that it isn’t a binary. I disagree that the only way to determine the sex of an individual is gamete size, but even if you run with that definition, you end up with exceptions.
That link doesn’t even resemble what I asked for, and that example in the article is people expressing legitimate desire to improve the definitions and move the field forward, this is not somebody injecting things for no reason, like you claim. Is discussing the topic not allowed in your eyes? Is literally any discussion or debate on the topic inappropriate?
There are many cases where it is impossible to know which you would produce. This means it’s not as simple as a binary, in these cases, the gamete option is not a viable way to determine sex.
He failed to address them, none of my points make any of what i’m saying any harder to understand, nor do they cause any actual crisis. The article basically consists of “I don’t like it when people do this, and it’s easier for me to understand even though this doesn’t cover edge cases too well” it’s just an opinion piece, not a factual statement.
biology has plenty of these issues, where the answer seems obvious until you engage with enough literature and ask enough questions, for example, try defining a species for me!
Gender is appropriate for sociology. Biology doesn’t give a shit what you identify as. It has no place in a biology textbook. It’s not moving the field forward, it’s trying to push a worse and irrelevant definition.
Bully for you, but your opinion is irrelevant to the scientific consensus.
The author also wrote an article that is addressing your exact questions: https://www.realityslaststand.com/p/how-our-shoes-can-help-explain-the
Again, this is not just some random opinion. This is is not equal to your opinion. This is a PhD in evolutionary biology writing about the scientific consensus. You’re free to disagree with the scientific consensus, but you should admit you’re no better than a creationist spouting off “god did it”.
As discussed, the intersex debate has pushed forward talks about biological precision in terminology, and ways to properly define such things. These are worthwhile discussions that are harming nobody.
It is in fact not. You’re confusing “determining” and “defining”
here’s an article on the matter: https://www.theparadoxinstitute.com/read/defining-sex-vs-determining-sex
I control f’d for intersex, didn’t mention it, i expect he’d give an opinion that intersex doesn’t count as a sex even if the produce both gametes baselessly, because this is a matter of opinion, like he did in the above article, making it a matter of his opinion, and having nothing to do with either scientific consensus or facts.
You don’t know who I am hahaha. My opinion that intersex individuals are a special exception is a common one amongst PHD’s in biology, this particular guy just doesn’t agree with that.
This has nothing to do with scientific consensus, and everything to do with the opinion of ONE PHD.
here’s a few PHD’s who would likely disagree with him:
https://sites.brown.edu/publichealthjournal/2023/05/01/sex-binarism-and-the-intersex-pediatric-surgery-crisis/
https://search.worldcat.org/title/861528157
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/7b48/0e9ed3d69747f048cda5a6bfb992cb6897f3.pdf
When I did my biology courses there was a debate about intersex. That was 30 years ago. I personally believe there are two sexes and anything outside of that is a defect or deviant.
I can accept three when used to classify a few edge cases for intersex but that’s where I draw the line.