Not just transport but all processes in the supply chain after the food leaves the farm — processing, transport, retail, and packaging — mostly account for a small share of emissions.

This data shows this is the case when we look at individual food products. However, studies also show that this holds true for actual diets; for example, researchers Vilma Sandström and colleagues studied the footprint of diets across the EU. Food transport accounted for only 6% of emissions, whilst dairy, meat, and eggs accounted for 83%.

https://ourworldindata.org/food-choice-vs-eating-local

There are perceptional reasons why it may feel like milk worked better such as it being cooled vs using room temperature water. Or from being the second thing used. Or from various different factors

But the research above suggests it doesn’t do as much as people think it does

The infection risks are not the same. Milk has stuff in it that microbes like for growing where water doesn’t have nearly all that. Other stuff can enter inside. The eye infection pathway is concerning especially right now when bird flu seems to enter that way and is in large quatities of dairy milk. Not all pasturization methods are certain to actually remove it (i.e flash pasturization might not)

Edit: A minor point to clarify, capsaicin is in pepper spray but not tear gas. They often do get conflated but they are different

Note: When they say animal they’re probably using the arguably misleading metric of direct emissions from the creatures themselves. The emissions from animal agriculture include a good chunk from the deforestation and growing of feed for it which would be tied to multiple categories here

Only if they consent :3

(but also probably not great in terms of infection risk either)

That’s what people claim, but the research on it suggests it does not do any better for tear gas or pepper spray. Here’s one study looking at pepper spray for instance:

In this study, there was no significant difference in pain relief provided by five different treatment regimens. [Water vs milk vs 3 other solutions] Time after exposure appeared to be the best predictor for decrease in pain.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18924005/

EDIT: Also worth noting that in terms of infection risk, bird flu is now in a large number of dairy samples and it appears like it transmit to humans through the eyes in particular (or at least be one of its transmission pathways).

The workers were most likely exposed to the virus in contaminated milk—by getting it on their hands and then touching their eyes

https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/why-bird-flu-is-causing-eye-infections-in-dairy-workers/

Some types of pasteurization (flash pasteurization) might not fully get rid of all of the virus. So for even just bird flu alone, its likely more of a risk than it probably was in the past

I would think that alcohol on the eyes wouldn’t do too many good things to them, however

One of the studied things was using antacids in that pepper spray study and didn’t find much benfit for it for pepper spray. There currently doesn’t really seem to much that research confirm works any better than any other liquid over the eyes

From what I’ve been told, it takes large amounts of any fluid to get it to go away. One difference you may have observed with milk was that it was cooled vs room temperature water. Cooled water can have similar effects compared to cool milk

Or the time factor itself since it was the second thing used

Don’t use dairy milk for tear gas. Comes with infection risks. Water or saline is generally recommended instead. Plant-milks might be ok (but I’m not 100% sure)

That means bacteria can contaminate the milk and potentially cause infection if applied to eyes or skin wounds. Jordt says it’s better to use water or saline solutions to wash out eyes after a tear-gas attack.

https://www.forbes.com/sites/marlamilling/2020/07/21/the-risks-of-using-milk-to-soothe-tear-gassed-eyes-an-expert-says-use-water-instead/

EDIT: accidentally pasted the wrong link earlier somehow, fixed now

Now that I’m looking for it, I can’t find it anywhere, I think it might just be something unpublished from the person on mastodon. Would make sense with them saying they love footnotes

Not necessarily. Self citation is different than building on your previous work. You might just seek to use other citations for the relevent concepts

Edit: the 2015 paper this is referencing lists many differing potential reasons for it. Ranging from worrying more about negative feedback for self citation to being more likely to being more critical of their own work

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2378023117738903

nurple

Hmm on what keyboard are n and p even that close to each other. Not on qwerty or dvorak. Maybe space and then n? But then wouldn’t that be npurple

Am I reading too much into this? Probably

Related XKCD to my over analysis: https://xkcd.com/1530/

Never is a strong word when that’s just not true

An animal model of spontaneous exclusive homosexuality has however been described in sheep. About 8% of the males in a population studied in the western United States were shown to mate exclusively with other males, even when the choice was given between a male or female partner (Perkins and Roselli, 2007; Roselli et al., 2011b).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7484171/

This is refering to a device used by researchers of nuclear weapons that accidentally went supercritical twice

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demon_core

They don’t scale super well at the moment. See my comment elsewhere about just that

https://lemmy.ml/comment/11760500

The technology for it that currently does not scale to higher egg consumption rather well among other potential problems

They have not yet tried to sell the technology to the US egg industry but, even if they did, the volume it can handle is currently too low for this technology to be used to get rid of chick culling across the board.

[…]

One issue that complicates these efforts is the difficult-to-answer question of when an embryo becomes a chick. Some researchers say day seven is when chick embryos can begin to experience pain. If that’s right, sexing the eggs eight to 10 days after incubation as Respeggt does, and 14 days as Agri-AT does, may still end up inflicting pain on the embryo, which could be trading one animal welfare problem — culling — for another

https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/22374193/eggs-chickens-animal-welfare-culling

The industry kills them right away because they’re not selectively breeded to grow as fast as broilers do. Egg laying chicken have been selectively bred to lay high quantities of eggs instead

Due to modern selective breeding, laying hen strains differ from meat production strains (broilers).

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chick_culling

As an aside, in both cases, the selective breeding has led to all kinds of health issues for these birds. Broilers can hardly walk due to being fast-growing. Egg laying chickens have all kind of bone health problems due to producing lots of eggs (takes a lot of calcium to produce an egg shell)

Industrial egg production is the vast majority of egg production. Using the word only there is perhaps a bit misleading when for instance, 98.2% of US egg production is from factory farms [1]

I’m not sure one can call any of those methods painless either

I listed multiple vegetables there? There’s plenty more too like brussel sprouts, kale, parsley. Many are actually even higher than citrus like brocoli

In practice, people are only really getting it from plants. Technically possible doesn’t mean that’s actually what happens

Although vitamin C can be obtained from the consumption of fresh meat, it is destroyed by heating and is more typically obtained from plant sources

https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/5/9/3424

Vitamin C

Huh? Good sources of Vitamin C are pretty much only plants? The reason sailors got scurvy was due to a meat heavy diet

It’s not just citrus that has that. It’s a wide range of plants from broccoli to kiwi to red pepper to potatoes, etc.